The First World War

http://www.youtube.com/embed/-3UjJ5kxiLI?wmode=opaque

European Alliances 1914 (BBC website)

European countries became more and more powerful BUT also more and more fearful of getting involved in a European war.

To protect themselves they formed into Rival ALLIANCES. An Alliance was an agreement between countries to go to war if one of them is attacked.There were TWO great blocks of Alliances in Europe.
France, Britain and Russia were afraid of their powerful neighbour Germany. They formed the TRIPLE ENTENTE to protect themselves.
Germany, although a new and powerful country in Europe, was also angry and fearful about being ‘surrounded’ by the Triple Entente. It made its own agreement with Austria Hungary and Italy called the TRIPLE ALLIANCE.

These alliances were supposed to STOP war from happening! Instead it meant that Europe now had TWO HUGE ARMED ALLIANCES . All it would take would be one spark to cause a war which would affect the whole world!!!

http://www.youtube.com/embed/PbwH1ZBnYds?wmode=opaque

http://www.youtube.com/embed/cFCWfyXSe70?wmode=opaque

http://www.youtube.com/embed/i9hPEwXMGFk?wmode=opaque

http://www.youtube.com/embed/YXqppJ-L88U?wmode=opaque

http://www.youtube.com/embed/Nj43X-VBEPE?wmode=opaque

http://www.youtube.com/embed/kCEUZ4rFiac?wmode=opaque

RECRUITING PROPAGANDA

Conditions were wet and muddy. Soldiers were exposed to all kinds of weather, bitter snows and frosts in winter, scorching heat in the Summer and wind and rain too.

The constant firing churned up the soil creating a vast wed, muddy wilderness.
Many soldiers actually drowned in the mud.

Soldiers often had to endure weeks in the trenches in cramped muddy conditions. They did not have the luxuries of showers. As a result many were affected by lice. These tiny parasites would cover the body and would bite into the skin causing nasty itching.

FACT- Soldiers nicknamed the lice ‘chats’ They would often sit together trying to scrape or burn the lice away from their clothing. As they would do this they would talk – This is where we get our word ‘chat’ from

They would often spend time talking as they tried to kill the ‘chats’

Can you remember how your skin goes when you are in the bath for too long? All wrinkly. Well, imagine what soldiers feet was like after spending days soaked in wet, dirty, sodden conditions. This led to a disease called trench foot. The swelling would become so bad that it would cut off circulation to parts of the body. These would turn black and would have to be amputated. Sometimes it led to blood poisoning and death.

Commanders soon began to give out new socks and replace boots. Trenches were fitted with ‘duckboards’ or even pumps to keep the soldiers feet as much out of the water as they could.

wet conditions

led to trench foot

Having so many men cramped together in the open air with food, together with the bodies blown apart and unburied, led to lots of rats. Some of these rats were reported to be as big as cats from the plentiful supply they could find.

They were a nuisance to the troops and soldiers would often try to kill them.

Supplying so many millions of soldiers with food was a huge problem. Soldiers often lived on monotonous but filling rations of ‘Bully beef’ (like corned beef) and hard tack (hard biscuits)

http://www.youtube.com/embed/Pxbcr_v-Qyc?wmode=opaque

Gas was first used in 1915 by the Germans. It was a horrible method of killing and greatly feared by the soldiers.
Gases like MUSTARD GAS or CHLORINE GAS were used. These would irritate the eyes or blind soldiers. It would often lead to them choking and over time ‘drowning’ as their lungs could take no more.

Soon gas masks would be handed out to protect soldiers. Gas attacks were often vulnerable to changes in the wind and attacking soldiers would find it difficult fighting in gas masks.

Artillery shells were fired from positions often miles behind the lines. They would churn up the soil and often bury men alive in the process. Molten hot shrapnel from shells would explode in the air above trenches. This would cause horrific injuries, disfiguring faces, blowing off arms and legs or blowing men apart.

The constant noise and fear of death would often lead to ‘shellshock’ where men were literally driven mad by the conditions. Today we call this Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It often was not recognised and some men were even shot for ‘cowardice’

Trenches were shaped in zig zags to protect against shell blasts. Dug outs were constructed to protect men from attack

Shells came in all sizes

Machine guns could fire up to 600 bullets a minute! They were set up in intervals along the frontline to provide ultimate defence. Soldiers were often asked to attack these positions and were often massacred as they attempted this.

Planes had only been invented before World War 1 but they were soon put to use.
They were firstly used for reconnaissance – spying on enemy positions and helping direct guns
Soon rival airforces would begin to fight each other in the sky with machine guns developed on planes
Famous Air Aces like the Red Baron would dominate the sky.
Towards the end of the war planes were being used routinely to bomb from the sky

FACT: Flying was considered glamorous but it was very dangerous. Planes were flimsy and sometimes made from linen cloth. Mechanical failure was common. The oil used for the planes often cause the pilots to get diarrhoea. If their planes were damaged or caught fire they would not have any parachutes. Pilots would often carry guns to shoot themselves rather than be burnt to death in mid air.

Both the British and the Germans put their coal miners to good use in the war. They secretly tried to undermine the others trenches by slowly and quietly digging under the enemy trench. They would then pack it full of explosives setting them off in massive explosions.

FACT: These explosions were sometimes so big that they could be heard hundreds of miles away in London. They created craters so big that today some of them are lakes.