| Introduction to RussiaAt the beginning of the 20th Century Russia was the biggest country in the world with ever growing power. It covered an area so big that it straddled two continents- Europe and Asia and 11 time zones! It had 132 million people in its empire making it the 3rd largest in the world at the time. Yet despite its obvious colossal size, Russia was a country going through immense political and economic changes. It was a country ruled firmly by a TSAR who was highly autocratic (All powerful) and felt his power was divinely given by God. A tiny but fabulously wealthy land owning elite controlled the vast bulk of the country. Russia was overwhelmingly made up of an impoverished peasant class. They were only released from SERFDOM in 1861 and were mostly poor subsistence farmers living a hand to mouth existence and often ravaged by famine and disease. Events in the first half of the 20th Century would see Russia transformed. A country torn apart by war, revolution and a political experiment that would make it the first Communist state ruled by one of the most brutal men in history Russia had TWO TYPES of problems in 1900 which were becoming increasingly concerning to the future of the country: Russia was an AGRICULTURAL COUNTRY. The vast majority of its citizens relied on the land to live. This system was backward and inefficient. Famines were common and agricultural techniques stripped the soil of its goodness. To make matters worse the system of land ownership was still adjusting to the end of SERFDOM in 1861. Peasants had received less land than they expected and were subject to crippling taxes on their meagre cropsThere was massive INEQUALITY OF WEALTH in Russia. A small and elite Nobility had a great deal of wealth and palaces built up over the years – mostly on the work and toil of their poor peasants. Russia was mostly made up of the peasants. They were desperately poor and mostly illiterate. Only 30% of peasants could read or write. The Tsars had aimed to keep them like this to maintain their control. Rising inequality, greater education and crippling taxes were causing ever greater resentment at the rich elite.Russian INDUSTRIALISATION was highly rapid in the first years of the 20th century- fuelled by mostly French money. This helped to boost employment, modernise the country and create a new but small middle class. However, the speed of the industrialisation brought with it new problems. A new urban poor, crowded into poor housing and existing on poor wages. On top of this the borrowing of French money to finance industrialisation created a great deal of DEBT. Up to 30% of investments were from outside Russia – this made the country highly vulnerable to outside events – like war. The rest of the investment was funded from TAX, which often fell on those who could not afford it.Russia also struggled with INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS. It was so vast that transportation was highly problematic. Huge forests, mountains and a variety of weather and landscape make this a serious problem to overcome to open up the entire country to modern trade.A deep ECONOMIC DOWNTURN at the start of the century only made things worse. Millions of urban working class poor and subsistence farmers found themselves struggling against the brutal conditions. The demands for change from this hardship would grow and grow.. Russia was an AUTOCRACY. It was ruled solely by the TSAR. In 1900 this was TSAR NICHOLAS II. He jealously guarded his power with a belief that he was divinely appointed to govern Russia. He was a distant ruler, more at home with his family than in the chambers of Government. He frequently spent time shut off from the outside world in Tsarskoe Selo (The Tsars village) Yet it was with the Tsar that all the important decisions of the day rested. This lack of engagement began to create serious discontent – not only from the peasants but increasingly from the Nobility – who preferred the Tsars brother Grand Duke Michael. They resented what they felt was a growing loss of influence since the end of serfdom. The growing middle class also felt neglected and longed for political reform and freedoms to be granted. The Tsar (and Tsarinas) intransigence towards any form of change would lead to revolution.The TSAR used a system of REPRESSION to prevent any demands for change. His control of the army and security establishment meant that any form of opposition was brutally dealt with.Influence of the RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH. The church was deeply a part of Russian society and was also a conservative force against changeGovernment and promotion was not based on MERIT but on CORRUPTION and NEPOTISM. This led to poorly thought out policies and a drastic misunderstanding of the true nature of Russian society. Topic 1: The Collapse of Tsarism 1914-17  Russia and WW1.https://www.youtube.com/embed/EBuANbSp1BY https://www.youtube.com/embed/GQUAW_CdBds https://www.youtube.com/embed/0Bx2spY7lcE https://www.youtube.com/embed/e0qhjHdyzZ0Topic 3 – The October Revolution. https://www.youtube.com/embed/cV9G1QUIm7w?wmode=opaquehttps://www.youtube.com/embed/ZZ55ZvBe07U?wmode=opaque https://www.youtube.com/embed/TzxRMYHQLx8 Causes of October Revolution PPT Interpreting October Revolution October Revolution inevitable? Exercise Oct Revolution student exam answer 2013 October 1917 – Review Feb – Oct 1917 Overview chart How did the Bolsheviks stay in power in the first few months? Always openHow did the Bolsheviks stay in power in the first few months? The Russian Civil War Podcast. (Listen to Year 12 pupils debate why the Reds won the Civil War.) BOLSHEVIK CONSOLIDATION OVERVIEW CIVIL WAR PPT CONTRIBUTION OF LENIN TO CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR MARKING EXERCISE WINNING THE CIVIL WAR BOLSHEVIK SUCCESS IN CIVIL WAR 22 MK SAMPLE ANSWER RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR SAMPLE ESSAY (2013) BOLSHEVIK CONTROL 1918-24 BOLSHEVIK CULTURAL VALUES: 8 MARK SAMPLE ANSWER ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL AIMS PPT BOLSHEVIK ECONOMIC POLICIES BOLSHEVIK ECONOMIC VALUES 8 MARK SAMPLE BOLSHEVIK IMMEDIATE PROBLEMS BOLSHEVIK POLITICAL PROBLEMS 1917-24 8 MK SAMPLE ANSWER THE BOLSHEVIK CONSOLIDATION OF POWER CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS LENIN PPT CONTRIBUTION OF LENINWhat did Stalin become the sole leader of the Party? Stalin and his rise to Power – Watch Below https://www.youtube.com/embed/O_4qfUEDrRsStalin Rise to Power – Class NotesOVERVIEW THE RISE TO POWER OF STALIN COURSE NOTES (PDF) STALIN’S RISE TO POWER THE RISE TO POWER OF STALIN RISE OF STALIN QUESTIONS STALIN: RISE TO POWER CAPTURE SHEET STALIN: POLITICAL AIMS 1924-29 CAPTURE SHEET STALIN: RISE TO POWER – MARKING EXERCISE ESSAY PLAN ASSESSING IMPORTANCE OF STALIN’S POWER BASEHow did Stalin Keep Control? – Class Noteshttps://www.youtube.com/embed/SIzApqzlP3Qculture in stalin’s russia CULTURE AND ARTS CHART POPULAR CULTURE AND THE ARTS UNDER STALIN CULTURE IN STALINS RUSSIA – SAMPLE ANSWER STALIN & CULTURE (8 MK QUESTION) STALINIST CULTURAL FEATURES CAPTURE SHEET exercising control- the purges CONTROL IN STALIN’S RUSSIA EXERCISING CONTROL THE PURGES STALIN AIMS OF PURGES CAPTURE SHEET GROUPS TARGETTED IN THE PURGES soviet society under stalin SOCIETY SOVIET SOCIETY UNDER STALIN SOCIAL POLICIES CHART SOVIET SOCIETY 1928-41 SOVIET SOCIETY UNDER STALIN WINNERS AND LOSERS WHO SUPPORTED STALIN? soviet constitution 1936 SOVIET CONSTITUTION 1936 SAMPLE ANSWER stalins dictatorship STALIN CULT OF PERSONALITY CAPTURE SHEET STALIN CULT OF PERSONALITY SAMPLE ANSWER STALIN CULT OF PERSONALITY – PREPARED ANSWER STALINS DICTATORSHIP propaganda under stalin THE USE OF PROPAGANDAculture in stalin’s russia CULTURE AND ARTS CHART POPULAR CULTURE AND THE ARTS UNDER STALIN CULTURE IN STALINS RUSSIA – SAMPLE ANSWER STALIN & CULTURE (8 MK QUESTION) STALINIST CULTURAL FEATURES CAPTURE SHEET exercising control- the purges CONTROL IN STALIN’S RUSSIA EXERCISING CONTROL THE PURGES STALIN AIMS OF PURGES CAPTURE SHEET GROUPS TARGETTED IN THE PURGES soviet society under stalin SOCIETY SOVIET SOCIETY UNDER STALIN SOCIAL POLICIES CHART SOVIET SOCIETY 1928-41 SOVIET SOCIETY UNDER STALIN WINNERS AND LOSERS WHO SUPPORTED STALIN? soviet constitution 1936 SOVIET CONSTITUTION 1936 SAMPLE ANSWER stalins dictatorship STALIN CULT OF PERSONALITY CAPTURE SHEET STALIN CULT OF PERSONALITY SAMPLE ANSWER STALIN CULT OF PERSONALITY – PREPARED ANSWER STALINS DICTATORSHIP propaganda under stalin THE USE OF PROPAGANDAStalins Economic Policy.The period 1928 to 1941 was one of enormous change.It saw the implementation of the Five Year Plans, Collectivisation and a Wave of Terror. https://www.youtube.com/embed/F_8e_OUUA2s The Five Year Plans involved:An extension of state control over all aspects of the economy, as the country pushed forward with large-scale industrialisation. Rapid industrialisation meant rapid urbanisation, which in turn required greater production of food for the growing urban workforce. Industrialisation was, therefore, closely linked to the policy of collectivisation in agriculture. The over-riding objective of these economic policies was to turn the USSR into a modern industrial country able to withstand attack from the capitalist powers. RESULTS OF FIVE YEAR PLAN: The results of Stalin’s economic policies were mixed. Industry grew, but not all areas of the economy grew at the same rate. The pace of industrialisation and collectivisation led to criticism of Stalin’s policies both within the Party and the country as a whole. Stalin described this opposition as ‘the enemy within’ and dealt with it ruthlessly in a series of purges that became known as the Great Terror. SOCIAL CHANGESThe use of terror, alongside the widespread economic changes taking place, brought about significant changes in society and by 1941 the communist government was firmly established with Stalin at its head. The Soviet Union had made a significant advance towards becoming a world industrial power but it had been achieved at a great cost in terms of human lives. Click below for Stalin’s Economic Policies Pdf STALIN’S ECONOMIC POLICIES 2015 OVERVIEW NOTES: ECONOMIC POLICIES MINDMAP: STALIN’S ECONOMIC POLICIES (RM) ECONOMIC POLICY CHART ECONOMIC POLICIES (AGRICULTURE) ECONOMIC POLICIES (AGRICULTURE) BLANK COLLECTIVISATION (NOTES) COLLECTIVISATION A SELF INFLICTED CATASTROPHE THE TRAGEDY OF COLLECTIVISATION 5 YEAR PLANS STALIN ECONOMIC AIMS CAPTURE SHEET STALIN ECONOMIC POLICY 22 MARK CAPTURE SHEET STALIN ECONOMIC PROBLEMS 22 MARK MARKING EXERCISE CONTROL IN STALIN’S RUSSIA https://www.youtube.com/embed/Mrw54F4Vu78 https://www.youtube.com/embed/e7jC1cvqdAgAS2 russia essential DOWNLOADsas2 revision checklistschecklist_booklet_for_as2_russia.docxDownload Filerevising_as2_russia_powerpoint.pptDownload FileAS2 HOW TO PLAN REVISION MINDMAP DOWNLOADSplanning_revision_for_as2_russia_module.pdfDownload Filerevising_revolutionary_russia_1903-24.pdfDownload Filerevising_stalinist_russia_1924-41.pdfDownload File  AS2 russia MINDMAPS 1) tsarist russiacauses_of_1905.pdfDownload Fileoutcomes_of_the_1905_revolution.pdfDownload Filerussia_1905_cause__consequence.pdfDownload Filewhy_was_tsarism_able_to_survive_the_1905_revolution..pdfDownload Filerole_of_ww1_in_feb_1917_rev.pdfDownload Fileprovisional_govt.pdfDownload File2) soviet unioncivil_war.pdfDownload Filebolshevik_consolidation_of_power.pdfDownload Fileeconomic_objectives_1918-24.pdfDownload Fileeconomic_problems_facing_ussr_24-29.pdfDownload Filestalin_-_control.pdfDownload Filestalins_economic_objectives.pdfDownload Filestalins_economic_policies.pdfDownload Filestalins_rise_to_power_1.pdfDownload Filestalins_rise_to_power_2.pdfDownload Filestalins_rise_to_power_3.pdfDownload Fileto_what_extent_did_the_bolsheviks_achieve_their_political_objectives_between_1918_and_1924..pdfDownload File |
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